Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: A review

Summary Sugar beet is a relatively young crop, which supposedly has a narrow genetic base. Natural variation occurring in primitive beet varieties and in wild Beta species has been used for breeding sugar beet. This paper reviews information on desirable characteristics in Beta germplasm and the attempts made for the introgression of such characters into commercial breeding material. After an introduction on the availability of germplasm and the possibilities of hybridisation, attention is focussed on the mating system (especially male sterility), on morphological and physiological characteristics, including yield and sugar content, and on resistances to diseases and pests.     

Genetic resources of wild cereals in Israel and vicinity. I. Phenotypic variation within and between populations of wild wheat,Triticum dicoccoides

Summary Populations of wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel, originating from diverse habitats, and tested earlier for allozyme (Nevo et al., 1982) and disease resistance polymorphisms (Moseman et al., 1983a, 1983b; Nevo et al., 1984a, 1984b), were compared and contrasted for performance in agronomically important phenotypic traits. The traits compared involved 10 variables comparing germination, earliness, biomass and yield variables. The field experiments were conducted in 1980, 1981 and 1982 in two relatively standardized and contrasting environments: mesic (Mount Carmel, Haifa) and xeric (Acedat Farm, and Sede Boqer, in the northern Negev desert). The experimental design involved 12 population quadrangles at Avedat Farm in 1980, and rows of randomized genotypes of five populations in both Haifa and Sede Boqer in 1981 and 1982.The results indicate that the characters studied are partly genetically determined. Striking genetic variation was found between and, at least in some characters, also within populations in each site, whereas remarkable environmental variation including genetic-environmental interaction was found between the mesic and the xeric sites. We conclude that natural populations of wild emmer wheat in Israel vary not only in genetic polymorphisms of allozymes and disease resistance, but also in quantitative traits of agronomic importance. These traits are economically significant and should be conserved and utilized in wheat crop improvement.     

乱采滥挖野生药用植物对甘南草原生态环境的破坏

在实地考察和调查统计基础上,从甘南野生药用植物乱采滥挖时的表现,以及采挖野生药用植物造成草原植被破坏、水源涵养功能下降、药用植物资源可持续利用破坏和阻碍地方经济发展四方面,综合分析了乱采滥挖野生药用植物对甘南草原生态环境的破坏。提出运用经济和法律等手段,对甘南野生药用植物资源应进行适时、适地、留种和保护利用的原则,以遏制乱采滥挖现象,实现甘南草原野生药用植物资源的可持续利用。     

佳木斯市周边山区野生彩叶树种资源调查及开发利用分析

通过对佳木斯市周边山区(国家森林公园大亮子河、绿潭、横头山和三家甸等)野生彩叶树种调查分析,确定该区野生彩叶树种属15科34种。有观赏特性及开发利用前途的有色木槭、红瑞木、花楸、水榆花楸和狗枣猕猴桃等11种。重点介绍了各种类的观赏特性,并对佳木斯市开发利用野生彩叶树种资源提出了建议。     

北京小龙门森林公园野生花卉资源评价与应用分析

为丰富北京园林绿化植物的多样性,通过样地法对北京小龙门国家森林公园野生花卉资源进行了实地调查研究,共调查到野生花卉植物58种,隶属于23科。以花色、花径、花序、花型为评价指标,评价出20种具高观赏价值的野生花卉;对这些野生花卉的观赏性进行了评述,最后提出了合理开发利用的建议,以期为北京园林绿化提供可参考的乡土植物资源。     

高产黑木耳菌株的筛选及培养条件的优化研究

以黑龙江地区畅销的主要栽培菌种黑29为对照,研究了产自黑龙江山区柞栎木上经筛选获得的黑木耳野生LY58菌株的生物学性状.结果表明:该菌株的适宜培养条件为温度28℃、pH 7.0;产量为(45±5)g/袋,生物学效率为95.4,其各方面性状皆优于对照菌株黑29,可用于黑龙江省气候条件的袋料栽培菌株.     

不同类型种茎及其药剂处理对款冬花出苗率的影响

为了防止款冬花种茎腐烂,提高出苗率,通过采用不同类型的种茎及对异地种茎进行药剂处理,研究其对款冬花出苗率的影响.结果表明:采用野生种茎和异地种茎,款冬花的出苗率可达到90％和55.83％,显著的高于对照.通过药剂处理异地种茎,可以大大提高款冬花的出苗率,其中药剂A、B、G、C、H处理种茎后,出苗率分别达到95％、82.5％、72.5％、72.5％、62.5％,而对照的出苗率为45％,存在显著性差异.     

福建乡土野生绿化树种种质资源调查研究

通过对福建省各主要山脉乡土野生绿化树种种源分布状况调查,首次确定福建省观赏价值较高的乡土野生绿化树种有47科62属105种。并根据树种观赏价值划分为:观花植物、观果植物、垂直绿化植物、丛植观花植物、观叶植物、观形植物、盆景绿篱七大类。为充分开发利用当地资源和保护野生绿化树种种质提供科学理论依据。     

本溪地区野生动物资源调查研究

作于1996～2000年对本溪地区的野生动物资源进行了调查研究，统计了本溪地区野生动物的种类，查清了51种国家重点保护和有重要经济价值野生动物的种群数量、分布区域和生境状况，分析了影响野生动物资源动态变化的主要因素，对野生动物资源进行了综合评价。提出了保护利用建议。